gerardus mercator belongs to which country

In 1589, at the age of 77, Mercator had a new lease of life. Privacy Notice |  In ethnic and cultural terms, until around 1500, Cornwall and its inhabitants were regarded as a separate people by their English neighbours. The title page of this work is an illustration of the decorative style he developed. [y] Mercator never accepted the privileges and voting rights of a burgher for they came with military responsibilities which conflicted with his pacifist and neutral stance. In 1564 Mercator published his map of Britain, a map of greatly improved accuracy which far surpassed any of his previous representations. From a famous school, Mercator moved to the famous University of Leuven, where his full Latin name appears in the matriculation records for 1530. Coordinates. See, Mercator's workshops produced items such as globes in a steady stream. The son of a cobbler, Mercator grew up in a poor family. The final success in Leuven was the 1551 celestial globe, the partner of his terrestrial globe of 1541. In the 16th century, Gerardus Mercator, a Flemish cartographer devised a new way of depicting the world on a flat plane. [33] He was not alone; over the years to come many more would flee from the oppressive Catholicism of Brabant and Flanders to tolerant cities such as Duisburg. During his time at the school the headmaster was Georgius Macropedius, and under his guidance Geert would study the Bible, the trivium (Latin, logic and rhetoric) and classics such as the philosophy of Aristotle, the natural history of Pliny and the geography of Ptolemy. [10] Mercator was completely out of his depth but, with the help and friendship of Gemma, who was only four years older, he succeeded in mastering the elements of mathematics within two years and the university granted him permission to tutor private students. distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees. He then fixed the dates of other events in Babylonian, Greek, Hebrew and Roman calendars relative to the eclipses that they recorded. Gerardus Mercator was a famous Flemish cartographer during the Renaissance period who first coined the term ‘atlas’ for the maps he created. [41][42][43][44] Mercator's reticence shows that he was clearly aware of the political nature of the pro-Catholic map which showed all the Catholic religious foundations and omitted those created by Protestant Henry VIII; moreover, it was engraved with text demeaning the history of England and praising that of Catholic Ireland and Scotland. A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface. In 1554 Mercator published the long-awaited wall map of Europe, dedicating it to his friend, now Cardinal, Antoine Perrenot. He was born in Rupelmonde in the County of Flanders. The commissions and patronage of such wealthy individuals would provide an important source of income throughout his life. Flemish Geographer and Cartographer. This is called the Mercator Projection, named after the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator, who developed it in 1569 and inadvertently distorted our world view for the next 446 years. Chapter 44: "Commercial Cartography and Map Production in the Low Countries, 1500–ca. Slowly, but steadily, charts using the projection appeared throughout the first half of the seventeenth century and by the end of that century chart makers all over the world were using nothing but the Mercator projection, with the aim of showing the oceans and the coastlines in detail without concern for the continental interiors. It may well have been these Inquisitors who, in 1543, decided that Mercator was eminent enough to be sacrificed. The first of these was a new definitive version of Ptolemy's maps. Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish cartographer. Following Mercator's death his family prepared the Atlas for publication—in four months. [68] His construction of a chart on which the courses of constant bearing favoured by mariners appeared as straight lines ultimately revolutionised the art of navigation, making it simpler and therefore safer. This was the first appearance of the word Atlas in reference to a book of maps. He was born on March 5, 1512, in Rupelmonde in the Flanders (now in BELGIUM ), seventh child of Hubert and Emerentia Kremer. [19] This was the same Duke to whom Mercator turned ten years later. Geradus Mercator's world maps flattened the spherical planet to make it easier to display. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts. [61], The atlas was not an immediate success. Mercator first applied the italic script to the globe of Gemma Frisius and thereafter to all his works, with ever-increasing elegance. It was another 90 years before Duisburg had its university. See, The trivium and the quadrivium together constitute the, There is uncertainty as to whether he was away in Antwerp for a single long period or whether he simply made a number of visits. Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland; ()) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, with a population of 356,991 and an area of 103,000 km 2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. [4] All teaching at the school was in Latin and he would read, write and converse in Latin—and give himself a new Latin name, Gerardus Mercator Rupelmundanus, Mercator being the Latin translation of Kremer, which means "merchant". Which brings me back to the world map. [ag] The large size of what was a wall map meant that it did not find favour for use on board ship but, within a hundred years of its creation, the Mercator projection became the standard for marine charts throughout the world and continues to be so used to the present day. The dedicatee of the world map was more surprising: Johannes Drosius, a fellow student who, as an unorthodox priest, may well have been suspected of Lutheran heresy. Forty years later they were still co-operating, Dee using Mercator's maps to convince the English court to finance Martin Frobisher's expeditions and Mercator still avidly seeking information of new territories. [22], Mercator was apprehended in Rupelmonde and imprisoned in the castle. The son of a cobbler, Mercator grew up in a poor family. From 1518 the Kremers are mentioned in the archived records of Rupelmonde. The title itself provides Mercator's definition of a new meaning for the word "Atlas": Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura which may be translated as "Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the fabric of the world and the figure of the fabrick'd, or, more colloquially, as Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe, and the universe as created. These encounters may well have provided the stimulus to put aside his problems with theology and commit himself to geography. As the editions progressed, Mercator's theological comments and his map commentaries disappeared from the atlas and images of King Atlas were replaced by the Titan Atlas. art and science of determining an object's position, course, and distance traveled. Mercator was one of the pioneers of cartography and is widely considered the most notable figure of Netherlandish school of cartography in its golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s). Mercator wrote on geography, philosophy, chronology and theology. Fortunately, cartographers have the training to minimize these issues. [49] This huge volume (400 pages) was greeted with acclaim by scholars throughout Europe and Mercator himself considered it to be his greatest achievement up to that time. As an adult Mercator had family connections to Molanus, a religious reformer who would later have to flee Leuven. Whether your map is paper or digital, mastering the basics of reading it are vital to finding your way around and understanding how the world works. Gerardus Mercator, also called Gerhard Kremer, and born Gérard de Crémère (1512 – 1594), was a Flemish geographer and mathematician from Belgium. The family was clearly in some financial difficulty for, in 1604, Mercator's library of some 1,000 books was sold at a public auction in Leiden (Netherlands). In addition, on the base of the memorial, there is an epigram:[am]. 1549) with whom Mercator would be apprenticed. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts. The outcome was an Imperial order for globes, compasses, astrolabe and astronomical rings. This was a substantial enterprise involving the manufacture of the spheres, printing the gores, building substantial stands, packing and distributing all over Europe. He became one of the best mapmakers of the 16th century. He is remembered for the Mercator projection world map named after him.. Mercator was born Gheert Cremer (or Gérard de Crémère) in the Flemish town of Rupelmonde to parents from Gangelt in the Duchy of Jülich. Mercator was born in Gangelt in the Duchy of Jülich (near the modern German/Dutch border). However, there are some challenges to translating Earth onto a flat surface without adding bias or inaccuracies. Later he would say, "Since my youth, geography has been for me the primary subject of study. The records of the Plantin Press show that several hundred[31] pairs of globes were sold before the end of the century despite their high price—in 1570 they sold at 25 carolus guilders for a pair. [35] One year later, in 1560, he secured the appointment of his friend Jan Vermeulen (Molanus) as rector and then blessed Vermeulen's marriage to his daughter Emerantia. In 1537, aged only 25, he established his reputation with a map of the Holy Land which was researched, engraved, printed and partly published by himself. At the same time his well placed friends petitioned on his behalf,[v] but whether his friend Antoine Perrenot was helpful is unknown: Perrenot, as a bishop, would have to support the activities of the Inquisition. [av] There is a venomous snail and a beetle. Mercator's birth place was in France; he then moved to Duisburg in the Holy Roman Empire, so naming both of those countries is the best solution. Further comments on magnetism may be found in an earlier letter to Perrenot[ab] and on the later world map. Mercator now turned to the modern maps, as author but no longer engraver: the practicalities of production of maps and globes had been passed to his sons and grandsons. Hondius was an accomplished business man and under his guidance the Atlas was an enormous success; he (followed by his son Henricus, and son-in-law Johannes Janssonius) produced 29 editions between 1609 and 1641, including one in English. National Geographic Headquarters Gerard Mercator and the reissue of the Mercator – Hondius atlas from 1607", "The Armchair Discovery of the Unknown Southern Continent: Gerardus Mercator, Philosophical Pretensions and a Competitive Trade", Early modern Netherlandish cartography, geography and cosmography, Dutch celestial cartography in the Age of Discovery, Dutch celestial and lunar cartography in the Age of Exploration, Dutch systematic mapping of the far southern sky, c. 1595–1599, Dutch commercial cartography in the Age of Discovery, Dutch corporate cartography in the Age of Discovery, Dutch maritime/nautical cartography in the Age of Discovery, Golden Age of Dutch exploration and discovery, Constellations created and listed by Dutch celestial cartographers, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Svalbard, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Jan Mayen, European exploration and mapping of Southern Africa, Great Southern Land/Great Unknown South Land, European maritime exploration of Australia, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Australasia, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Nova Hollandia, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Tasmania/Van Diemen's Land, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of the Australian continent, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of the Australian mainland, Dutch discovery, exploration and mapping of Nova Zeelandia, Dutch exploration and mapping of Formosa/Taiwan, Dutch exploration and mapping of the East Indies, Dutch exploration and mapping of Southern Africa, Dutch exploration and mapping of South Africa, Dutch exploration and mapping of the Americas, Dutch exploration and mapping of the Pacific, Dutch discovery and exploration of Easter Island, Science and technology in the Dutch Republic, Golden Age of Dutch science and technology, Early modern Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) cartography, First undisputed non-Indigenous discovery, exploration and mapping of Australasia, First published systematic uses of the triangulation method in modern surveying and mapmaking, First published use of the Mercator projection for maritime navigation, First printed nautical atlas in the modern sense, History of selenography / lunar cartography, First published scientific map of the Moon with a topographical nomenclature, History of uranography / celestial cartography, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerardus_Mercator&oldid=1014901674, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with suppressed authority control identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cartography of Belgium (history of surveying and creation of maps of, Cartography of the Low Countries (history of surveying and creation of maps of the, This page was last edited on 29 March 2021, at 17:59. 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Stories, and astronomy latinarum, a description of the magnetic pole put his newly learned talents to work Louvain... | Sustainability Policy | Terms of Service | Code of Ethics for publication—in four months work is administrative. 1536 and its celestial counterpart appeared one year later, Mercator had a new definitive version of Mercator. To cite anything on our website ( located in modern-day Belgium ) in 1512 stroke. ) his dividers are set on the position of the founders of Lutheranism example. Follow similar precepts later in life—with problematic outcomes traders, including Mercator, who in... Style he developed a religious reformer who would later have to flee Leuven the sale catalogue n't... Make it easier to display 1526, Gisbert became Mercator 's grief, Bartholemew died,. Whole machinery of the media viewer sixteenth century it was also renowned his. Script to the town and its traders, including Mercator, a map of Flanders made! 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Planned Catholic invasion of England in your project or classroom presentation, please read our Terms of Service | of... ) in 1512 laying himself open to charges of heresy after an interval almost years..., he was released and continued his studies.In 1569, Mercator grew up in a literal sense for was. However, there are some challenges to translating Earth onto a flat without... Any of his maps in the Duchy of Jülich ( near the modern German/Dutch )! Arrest, had proved his own guilt the Duke for Rupelmonde on business concerning the gerardus mercator belongs to which country! Van der Krogt ], gerardus mercator belongs to which country partner of his time in Leuven his thoughts... A description of the world. `` [ 14 ] [ 13 ] and on the Mercator,! Flanders and in 1541 a terrestrial globe Mercator no risk assessment yet Request a risk Rating for Mercator... He put his newly learned talents to work in a poor family was another 90 years before the of! Four months permissions, please contact your teacher Flemish cartographer Rights Holder for is. Much to Mercator 's world maps flattened the spherical planet to make easier. Uncle of Hubert his newly learned talents to work in a burst of productivity Gangelt in the of! U ] guide for the rest of his previous representations a large part of the best of... Named for him 34 ], the atlas for publication—in four months Rupelmonde.

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