queen elizabeth ii

The move is the … She was riding in the Trooping the Colour, a special military parade to celebrate her official birthday, when a man in the crowd pointed a gun at her. In 1981 32-year-old Charles wed 19-year-old Diana Spencer (best known as Princess Diana), with later rumors surfacing that he was pressured into the marriage from his family. Elizabeth II (right) and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, visiting Leicester, England, at the start of the queen's Diamond Jubilee tour of the United Kingdom, 2012. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. In 1945, Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service to help in the war effort. When Charles and Camilla wed in 2005, Elizabeth and Prince Philip did not attend the civil ceremony but attended a religious blessing and held a reception in their honor at Windsor Castle. In 2011, Elizabeth showed that the crown still had symbolic and diplomatic power when she became the first British monarch to visit the Republic of Ireland since 1911 (when all of Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom). Okay, technically they’re called Girl Guides in England, but it’s essentially the same thing. In 1947, she became engaged to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, whom she had first met at the age of 13. Her mother became Queen Elizabeth; on King George's death in 1952, she became Queen Mother and her daughter became Queen Elizabeth II. However, in late 2017 the monarchy took what was considered a major step toward transitioning to the next generation: On November 12, Charles handled the traditional Remembrance Sunday duty of placing a wreath at the Cenotaph war memorial, as the queen watched from a nearby balcony. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Princess Elizabeth was just a pre-teen when she met the dashing 18-year-old Philip Mountbatten, who was then a cadet in… We strive for accuracy and fairness. Not one for the spotlight, Elizabeth likes quiet pastimes. At the time of their wedding, Great Britain was still recovering from the ravages of World War II, and Elizabeth collected clothing coupons to get fabric for her gown. Although the author insisted that "the book doesn’t contain anything naughty," the queen responded in early 2018 by revoking Rigby & Peller's royal warrant. The family took on the name Windsor, a move pushed by her mother and Prime Minister Winston Churchill which caused tension with her husband. Elizabeth was quiet and reserved while Philip was boisterous and outspoken. At the time of her birth, most people did not realize Elizabeth would someday become the queen of Great Britain. In London, there were royal gun salutes at Green Park and at the Tower of London to mark the occasion. This article was most recently revised and updated by Jeff Wallenfeldt, Manager, Geography and History. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Queen Elizabeth II reading a speech from the throne at the state opening of Parliament, 1958. (Elizabeth has also met about a quarter of all the U.S. presidents in history, most recently receiving Donald Trump for a state visit in June 2019.). Later, Conservative leader David Cameron, who is Elizabeth's fifth cousin removed, enjoyed a warm rapport with the queen. Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, served as empress of Russia for more than three decades in the late 18th century after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh at the coronation, June 1953. Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland since 1911. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. Tony Blair saw certain concepts around the monarchy as somewhat outdated, though he did appreciate Elizabeth making a public statement after the death of Diana. In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on the throne. Elizabeth's Family. As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. Queen Elizabeth II asked a friend for help to stop Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's showdown talks from getting to her husband, a new book claims. He fired, but, fortunately, the gun was loaded with blanks. The marriage took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. As the longest-serving monarch in British history, she has tried to make her reign more modern and sensitive to a changing public while maintaining traditions associated with the crown. Over the years, Philip inspired numerous public relations headaches with his off-the-cuff, controversial comments and rumors of possible infidelities. She is best known for her moral support to the British people during WWII and her longevity. The IRA (Irish Republican Army), which opposed British rule in Northern Ireland, took responsibility for the attack. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1992, another of Elizabeth’s children, Prince Andrew, ended up in the tabloids, after photos emerged of his wife Sarah Ferguson and another man engaged in romantic activity. She is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Like many royal couples, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip are distantly related through their royal ancestors. Charles and Diana gave birth to Elizabeth’s grandsons Prince William, who was created Duke of Cambridge upon his own marriage in 2011, second-in-line to the throne, in 1982, and Prince Harry in 1984. On November 20, 2020, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip will celebrate 73 years of marriage. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She is also a descendant of Queen Victoria. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Elizabeth married her distant cousin Philip Mountbatten and had four children: Prince Charles (heir apparent), Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. Her extensive family includes several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. In 1969, she officially made Charles her successor by granting him the title of Prince of Wales. The royal family continues to receive some government support, but the queen has had to cut back on spending. She celebrated 65 years on the throne in February 2017 with her Sapphire Jubilee. The wedding drew enormous crowds in the streets of London and millions watched the proceedings on television. The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. She is the mother of Prince Charles, heir to the throne, as well as the grandmother of Princes William and Harry. On February 6, 2017, the queen celebrated 65 years on the throne, the only British monarch to ever celebrate her Sapphire Jubilee. On September 9, 2015, Queen Elizabeth II surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, as the longest-reigning monarch in British history.Queen … She had another vivid experience outside of the monarchy when she and Margaret were allowed to mingle anonymously among the citizenry on Victory in Europe Day. The celebrations were somewhat diminished by the deaths of Elizabeth’s mother and sister early in the year. Elizabeth is also a horse enthusiast who bred thoroughbreds and attended racing events for many years. Queen Elizabeth II greeting children at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center during a visit to the United States, May 2007. Elizabeth, nicknamed Lilibet, got to enjoy the first decade of her life with all the privileges of being a royal without the pressures of being the heir apparent. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. Royal Family. During her “Silver Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the 36 members of the Commonwealth, traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. She continued making more than 400 engagements per year, maintaining her support of hundreds of charitable organizations and programs. Her financial and property holdings have made her one of the world’s richest women. Edward, however, was in love with American divorcée Wallis Simpson, and had to choose between the crown and his heart. In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he periodically appeared at official engagements after that. Also in 2017, the former owner of the lingerie company Rigby & Peller, which had serviced Elizabeth for more than 50 years, wrote a tell-all autobiography that included some of her experiences with the royal family. She enjoyed a father-figure relationship with the iconic Winston Churchill and was later able to loosen up a bit and be somewhat informal with Labour leaders Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. Lifestyle. Elizabeth and her younger sister Margaret were educated at home by tutors. She also began to accompany her parents on official visits within Britain. For the first time ever, the coronation ceremony was broadcast on television, allowing people from across the globe to witness the pomp and spectacle of the event. For days, Elizabeth remained silent while the country mourned Diana's passing, and she was sharply criticized for her lack of response. Her father, King George VI, was hesitant about the match because, while Mountbatten had ties to both the Danish and Greek royal families, he didn't possess great wealth and was considered by some to have a rough personality. While more than 250 British soldiers died in the conflict, Prince Andrew returned home safe and well, much to his mother's relief. On April 23, 2018, they followed with their third child, Prince Louis Arthur Charles. Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Elizabeth’s father and mother divided their time between a home in London and Royal Lodge, the family's home on the grounds of Windsor Great Park. Updates? As a constitutional monarch, Elizabeth does not weigh in on political matters, nor does she reveal her political views. She is especially known for her love of corgis, owning more than 30 descendants of the first corgi she received as a teenager, until the death of the final one, Willow, in 2018. In contrast, she and Margaret Thatcher had a very formal, distant relationship, with the PM tending to be a grating lecturer to the queen on a variety of issues. In 1973 she attended the Commonwealth Conference in Ottawa, Canada, and in 1976 traveled to the United States for the 200th anniversary celebration of America’s independence from Britain. Elizabeth and Philip wasted no time in producing an heir: Son Charles was born in 1948, the year after their wedding, and daughter Anne arrived in 1950. Other than receiving a good scare, the queen was not hurt. Elizabeth assumed the title of queen upon her father’s death in 1952. All these children have the surname “of Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness. Elizabeth is known to favour simplicity in court life and is also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional and ceremonial duties. These attempts were met with mixed success. His design for the ocean liner was described by The Council of Industrial Design as that of a "very big yacht" and with a "look [that was] sleek, modern and purposeful". Elizabeth has had 14 prime ministers placed into power during her reign, with queen and PM having a weekly, confidential meeting. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. On the eve of the wedding her father, the king, conferred upon the bridegroom the titles of duke of Edinburgh, earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich. Who Is Queen Elizabeth II… Their love story began when they first met in the 1930s, when Elizabeth was 13. When Elizabeth became queen, post-war Britain still had a substantial empire, dominions and dependencies. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess, Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. On their 50th wedding anniversary, in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and stay all these years.”. She enjoys reading mysteries, working on crossword puzzles and, reportedly, even watching wrestling on television. Actress Elizabeth Taylor starred in films like 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' and 'Butterfield 8' but was just as famous for her violet eyes and scandalous love life. She celebrated 65 years on the throne in February 2017 with her Sapphire Jubilee. Corrections? On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years and 216 days. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria as Britain's longest-ruling monarch, who reigned for 63 years. She was smitten with him from the start. She trained side-by-side with other British women to be an expert driver and mechanic. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Stories circulated that the queen did not want to give Diana a royal funeral, which only fueled public sentiment against the monarch. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of Queen Mary and King George V. Her mother was Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Elizabeth soon started taking on other public duties. The interior and superstructure for the QE2 was designed by James Gardner. The queen was at her Balmoral estate in Scotland with Charles and his and Diana's two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry, at the time. Elizabeth was born to Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and had a younger sister, Princess Margaret. Having dealt with several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. The couple divorced soon after. Elizabeth had two more children — sons Andrew and Edward — in 1960 and 1964, respectively. In 1542 the Scottish throne went to Mary, Queen of Scots, a controversial monarch who became France's queen consort and claimed the English crown. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-traditional image of the monarchy. The following month she surpassed George III to become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria. Charles and Camilla had dated years before he met his family, but the relationship ended under family pressure, only to resume during Charles and Diana’s marriage. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. The Royal Mint also issued eight new commemorative coins in honor of the queen's Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth II is: Queen of Antigua and Barbuda Queen of Australia Queen of The Bahamas Queen of Barbados Queen of Belize Queen of Canada Queen of Grenada Queen of Jamaica Queen of New Zealand Queen of Papua New Guinea Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen of Saint Lucia Queen … Royal family portrait, August 22, 1951. Elizabeth II with (from left) Princess Anne, Prince Philip, Prince Andrew, and Prince Charles. Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. The news came following the leak of the so-called "Paradise Papers" to a German newspaper, which shared the documents with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926. Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey, at the age of 27. Academic courses included French, mathematics and history, along with dancing, singing and art lessons. In June 1981, Elizabeth herself had a dangerous encounter. Known to be a stickler for ceremony and tradition, she eventually started to show signs of softening her stance over the years. In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Public opinion of the monarchy was especially strong at that time. However, she confers regularly with her prime ministers. Despite the occasional call to step aside for Charles, Elizabeth remained steadfast in her royal obligations as she passed her 90th birthday. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-II, Vision - Queen Elizabeth II: Duty Comes First, The Home of the Royal Family - Her Majesty The Queen, Government of Canada - Canadian Heritage - Biography of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Elizabeth II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Discover how Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth II: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Elizabeth II and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge. Queen Elizabeth II's message of hope amid the coronavirus pandemic is being shown in London's world famous Piccadilly Circus. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. Princess Anne is in the baby carriage. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is Queen of Canada. In 2015 she surpassed Victoria to become the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Beginning in the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, the public standing of the royal family rebounded, and even Charles’s 2005 marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles found much support among the British people. In 2019, following years of scandal surrounding his controversial business pursuits and friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, Prince Andrew was forced to step down from public duties, following a media firestorm. Queen Elizabeth II celebrated her official birthday at a scaled-back event in Windsor. The marriage of Elizabeth’s son, Charles, to Diana made headlines for years before the couple announced their separation in 1992, followed by their formal divorce in 1996. Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. Elizabeth had assumed the responsibilities of the ruling monarch on February 6, 1952, when her father, King George VI, died. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle. In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on various other state occasions. Princess Elizabeth accompanied by her nurse in Hyde Park, London. Hundreds of millions of people tuned in to see the ceremony on television. In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and Diana—and Catherine Middleton. She is also a great-grandmother to 10. (From left) Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, 1939. Elizabeth also initially objected to the relationship between her son Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles. The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. Elizabeth II, queen of the United Kingdom from February 6, 1952, the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Queen Elizabeth was the Queen consort of King George VI until his death in 1952. As queen, Elizabeth has modernized the monarchy, dropping some of its formalities and making certain sites and treasures more accessible to the public. BBC TV Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II: Westminster Abbey 1953 (William McKie) Watch later. Sir Gerald Wollaston reading the official proclamation of Elizabeth being queen of England, February 8, 1952. After her return there was an announcement of her betrothal to her distant cousin Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. The Queen joins virtual science showcase to mark British Science Week The Queen has taken part in a virtual science showcase with British scientists, educators and schoolchildren to mark British Science Week, a celebration of the role played in UK society by science, technology, engineering and maths. In the end, Edward chose Simpson and abdicated the crown. They took residence at Clarence House in London. Queen Elizabeth II riding Balmoral Fern, a 14-year-old Fell pony, over the weekend. Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham Palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4, 1952. Elizabeth has emerged as a devoted grandmother to William and Harry. Better Than One. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. The practice of marrying within royal bloodlines has become less common as royalty's power is lessened. The Duchy of Lancaster, which holds assets for the queen, confirmed that some of its investments were overseas accounts, but insisted they were all legitimate. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, many of these possessions achieved independence and the British Empire evolved into the Commonwealth of Nations. He and three others, including one of his grandsons, were killed. As part of her “Golden Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of festivities in London. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she keeps racehorses, frequently attends races, and periodically visits the Kentucky stud farms in the United States. Theresa May was described as being tight-lipped about Brexit plans to leave the European Union, with a rumor circulating that Elizabeth was perturbed over not being informed about future exit strategies. But she has seen the monarchy come under attack during her lifetime. As Britain and other nations struggled financially, Britain abolished the Civil List in 2012, which was a public funding system of the monarchy dating back roughly 250 years. In the wake of Diana's death in a Paris car crash on August 31, 1997, Elizabeth experienced intense media scrutiny. Appointed colonel-in-chief of the Grenadier Guards by her father, Elizabeth made her first public appearance inspecting the troops in 1942. Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. Omissions? Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Andrew attend the Badminton Horse Trials in 1973. The 14-year-old princess, showing her calm and firm personality, told them "that in the end, all will be well; for God will care for us and give us victory and peace.". She became the first British monarch to make a state visit there in more than five decades. Her British ancestors include Queen Victoria (ruled 1837 to 1901) and King George III (ruled 1760 to 1820). Elizabeth II and coronation guests, June 2, 1953. Queen Elizabeth II serves 25,000 days on British throne. A state visit there in more than a week later she was sharply criticized for her ’... Windsor proudly retained by queen Elizabeth state visits to various European Nations, she surpassed her queen. The state opening of Parliament, 1958 numerous public relations headaches with his off-the-cuff, comments... Passed her 90th birthday bloodlines has become less common as royalty 's is! Philip … she eventually served in world War II were killed returned to London and millions watched the on. 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